Bahasa inggris TENSES
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materi tentang b inggris
Tenses
Tenses adalah perubahan kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat kejadian. Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggristidak lepas dari tenses karena semua kalimat pasti ada hubungannya dengan waktu dan sifat kejadiannya.
materi tentang b inggris
Tenses
Tenses adalah perubahan kata kerja yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan sifat kejadian. Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggristidak lepas dari tenses karena semua kalimat pasti ada hubungannya dengan waktu dan sifat kejadiannya.
Waktu | Present | Past | Future |
Sifat Kejadiannya | Simple Present | Simple Past | Simple Future |
Present Continouos | Past Continouos | Future Continouos | |
Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect | |
Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous |
SIMPLE PRESENT
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V- 1 (s/es) + O + keterangan waktu.
(-) S + do/does + not + V - 1 + O + keterangan waktu. (?) Do/does + S + V- 1 + O + keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) You study English at MEC everyday.
(-) You don't study English at MEC everyday. (?) Do you study English at MEC everyday?
1. Kalau subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular-she/he/it), kata kerja harus ditambah dengan "s" atau "es" dalam kalimat positif (positivestatement).
Contoh: Mary usuallygoes swimming on Saturdaymorning.
Mother always serves our breakfast before we go to school.
My brother likes playing tennis on Sunday morning.
2. Akhiran "s" pada kata kerja
Pada umumnya kata kerja ditambah dengan akhiran "s" jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal (the third person singular - he/she/it).
Contoh:
I work five days a week.
We play tennis every Sunday The boys play in the garden
She works five days a week. Father takes a train to go to office.
A mouse eats my food every morning
3. Akhiran "es" digunakan pada kata kerja yang huruf akhirnya "s, ch, sh, x, o", jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan kata kerja yang huruf akhimya "y" dan didahului huruf mati, y ditukar dulu dengan "i" kemudian ditambah "es"
Contoh:
I pass the house.
You watch television. We wash our clocthes. They go to office.
I study English
He passes the house. John goes to office. She washes her clothes. She watches television. He studies English
4. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan "do not/don't atau does not/doesn't" sesudah subjek kalimat. "Doesn't" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he doesn't, she doesn't, it doesn't), sedangkan "don't"
digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I don't, you don't, we don't, they don't).
Contoh:
You don't go swimming on Monday. We don't work on Saturday.
I don't work at the aircraft factory.
He doesn't work on Saturday.
My brother doesn't play football every day. John doesn't work at the aircraft company
5. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative) dibentuk dengan menempatkan kata Bantu "do atau does"di depan kalimat. "Does" digunakan untuk orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it), sedangkan "do" digunakan untuk selain orang ketiga tunggal (I, you, we, they). "Do/does" dalam kalimat tanya artinya"apakah" dan kata kerjanya tidak lagi menggunakan akhiran "s/es" walaupun subjek kalimatnya orang ketiga tunggal
Contoh:
Do you always go to office by train? Do they go swimming every Sunday? Do the boys likethis film?
Does your brother work for bank Mandiri ?
Does he go swimming every Sunday?
Does the boy like this film?
6. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut:
DO digunakan oleh subject I, you, we, dan they. DOES digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
B. Penggunaan
1. Simple Present digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu peristiwa, kejadian, kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang, atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habit).
Contoh:
I leave for office at 6 every morning. My father works five days a week.
Father always drinks tea in the afternoon.
2. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu fakta (fact) atau suatu yang merupakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The River Nile flows into Mediterranean. Jet engines make a lot of noise.
Vegetarians don't eat meat and fish.
3. Simple Present juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang, jika kita membicarakan suatu Jadwal, program, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
The second train leaves at 10 a.m.
The football match starts at 4 p.m tomorrow. The second film begins at 7 p.m.
C. Keterangan Waktu (Adverb of time)
1. Adverb of frequency
always : selalu
Usually : biasanya
generally : umumnya
ever (?) : pernah
Sometimes : kadang-kadang occasionally : kadarag-kaclang
never : tidak pernah
Seldom : jarang
2. Adverb of quantity
once … : sekali ...
once a day : sekali dalam sehari
once a week : sekali dalam seminggu
twice … : dua kali ...
three times … : tiga kali dalam ...
every … : setiap ...
Exercise
A. Make the sentences using the phrasesbelow
a) eatbreakfast
b) go to class
c) put on my clothes
d) drink a cup of coffee/tea
e) shave
f) put on my make-up
g) take a shower/bath
h) getup
i) pick up my books
j) walk to the bathroom
k) watch TV
l) look in the mirror
m) turn off the alarm clock
n) go to die kitchen/the cafeteria
o) brush/comb my hair
p) say good-bye to my roommate, wife/husband
q) brush my teeth
r) doexercises
s) wash my face
t) stretch, yawn, and rub my eyes
B. Put the following sentences into simple present.Use the words in parentheses!
1. My sister still … (make) some mistakes in pronunciation.
2. Hendry always … (do) his weekly report on Monday afternoon.
3. Mr. David's secretary always … (type) a lot of letters in the office.
4. Some of us … (work) overtime on Saturday.
5. He… (come) earlybecause he … (want)to see you.
6. They always … (report) to their superior once a week.
7. Our receptionist always … (serve) the customerspatiently.
8. Hisassistant never … (forget)to record the dailytransactions.
9. Oneof them often … (pass)my house in the morning.
10. We …… (go) to the seaside every Saturday.
C. Change the following sentences into negative!
1. The man comes here just to take thisletter.
2. One of my brothers works for Bank of America in Jakarta.
3. He makes his weekly reportregularly.
4. My manager always spends a lot of money on books every month.
5. The cashier goes to the bank to cash the cheque.
D. Change the following sentences into interrogative!
1. The man withdraws some money from his account once a week.
2. Oneof the men wants to see our manager this afternoon.
3. Some of them always finish their work ontime.
4. My friend teaches English twice a week
5. We always start work at 8 o'clock every morning
5. We always start work at 8 o'clock every morning
| . |
A. First, read and complete the text with phrases from the box
My name is Jennie. I’m a nurse......................................and I work
at................................................I look after sick children at night. I start
work at.............................................................and finish early
at...........................................in the morning. I go to work by
........................................................ but I come home in the morning
by.......................................................................because I’m tired. I
have...........................................in my section. I look at the
children................................................. during the night. Sometimes I sit and talk to a child. The children sleep most of the time. At 6 o'clock the day nurse arrives and………………............................................. She
................................................................. at 7 o'clock. I go home and go
to bed at 8 o'clock. I usually feel ...........................................
B. Now use this information to complete the questions that John asks Jennie.
1. What do you do?
2. Where............................................................................................ ?
3. What time...................................................................................... ?
4. What time...................................................................................... ?
5. How............................................................................................... ?
6. How............................................................................................... ?
7. How many...................................................................................... ?
8. How often...................................................................................... ?
9. When............................................................................................. ?
10. What ............................................................................at 7 o'clock ?
11. How..................................................................when you go home ?
E. Write the missing verbs in the sentences below. Choose from the following:
cry dence drink drive laugh listen put read run sing sleep study swim want write
1. Alice and Max are learningto dance the tango.
2. Weusually _football songs on the bus.
3. 1 feel tired today because 1 didn't. last night.
4. He doesn't go to the beach because he can't very well.
5. Ialways to the news on the radio in the morning.
6. Are we going to to the airport or go by bus?
7. It's a really sad film. It made me .
8. I think I'll some letters tonight.
9. Jim Carrey is so funny. He always makes me .
10. Don't all the orange juice now. Leave some for breakfast.
11. Ialways the newspaper before I go to work.
12. The bus is at the stop now. If we , we'll catch it.
13. She's not hungry. She doesn't any cake.
14. I'dlike to medicine at college.
15. Shall I the milk in the fridge?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + to be (is,am,are) + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu.
(-) S + to be (is,am,are) + not + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu (?) To be (is,am,are)+ S + V ing + O+ keteranganwaktu?
Contoh :
(+) We are studying English at BEC now. (-) We aren't studying English at BEC now (?) Are we studying English at BEC now?
1. Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative) dibentuk dengan menambahkan "not" sesudah to be (am not, is not/isn't, are not/aren't) dan ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh :
Mary is not/isn't typing the monthly report.
The students are not/aren't studying English in the classroom. I'm not/ am not preparing a minute of meeting.
2. Kalimat tanya (interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative statement) dibentuk dengan menempatkan to be (is, am, atau are) di depan kalimat. Dalam kalimat tanya to be "am, is, atau are" artinya "apakah".
Contoh : Are you doing your homework?
Is your father still working in the office? Are the children playing in the garden?
3. Kesesuaian subjectdan auxiliary verb di tenses ini adalah
sebagai berikut :
AM digunakan oleh subject I.
IS digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
ARE digunakan oleh subject you, we, dan they.
B. Penggunaan
1. Present continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi atau berlangsung
saat kita sedang bicara Contoh:
My brother is painting the house. Please be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
Listen! The neighbors are quarrelling again.
2. Present continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang bersifat sementara (temporary). Contoh:
I am livingwith my friend until I can find a house. This machine is not working well.
John is livingin his friend's flat at the moment.
David is always busy because he is working on his thesis.
3. Present continuous tense digunakan tamtuk menunjukkan suatu keadaan atau situasi yang berubah-ubah.
Contoh:
The population of Indonesia is rising very fast.
Our economic situation is already very bad and it is getting
worse.
The cost of living is increasing. Every month things are dearer.
4. Present continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan datang dan telah direncanakan atau ditentukan sebelumnya.
Contoh: I am meeting my father at the station tomorrow morning.
We are holidaying in Europe next month.
My father is havinga meeting with his staff tomorrow morning.
5. Beberapa kata kerja tidak digunakan dalam present continuous tense. Kita tidak boleh mengatakan, "I am liking mango very much," tapi kita harus mengatakan, "I like mango very much." Beberapa kata kerja yang tidak digunakan daIam present continuous tense adalah:
kata yang menyangkut pancaindera : see, hear, notice, recognize.
kata-kata yang menyangkut emosi : want, desire, smell, notice, forgive, wish, care, like, hate, adore, dislike.
kata-kata yang menyangkut pikiran : think, feel, realize, understand, know, mean, suppose, believe, expect, remember, recollect, forget, recall, trust, mind.
kata-kata yang menyangkut milik : own, belong, possess.
kata-kata kerja seperti : seem, signify, appear,- contain, consist, keep, concern, matter
Contoh :
a. I am knowing her well. (Poor) I know her well. (Good)
b. I am understanding what you are meaning (Poor) I understand what you mean. (Good)
C. Kata/frase yang biasa digunakan dalam present continuous tense
· Now : Sekarang
· Atpresent : Sekarang Ini .
· Atthis moment : Pada SaatIni
· Right now : Sekarang Ini
· Still : Masih
· Look : Lihat
· Listen : Dengarkan Exercise
A Put the following sentences into present Continuous. Use the words in parentheses!
1. One of my assistants … (correct) the financial report.
2. Some of them … (work) in the factory.
3. The two men … (discuss) their new plans.
4. Thegirl … (take) something in that room.
5. My assistant … (analyze) their proposal in his room.
6. She… (talk) to one of our regularcustomers in that room.
7. Myfriend… (Park) his car besidethat building.
8. Themechanic… (Repair) my car in my garage.
9. One of them … (try) to open the door.
10. They… (do) their English exercises in the classroom.
B. Change the following sentences into negative!
1. My accountant is calculating the total expenses we need.
2. Mylittle sister is returning the books to the library.
3. The guests are having lunch with my supervisor.
4. John is paying the food he ordered.
5. My supervisor is still training some new employees in the training room.
C. Change the following sentences into interrogative!
1. Sheis doing something in the meetingroom.
2. The investors are calling all mechanical staffs in London.
3. Billy is reporting to his boss in the head office.
4. Brenda is recording all today'stransactions.
5. Thereceptionists are still talkingto one of my guests
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